Ivey Business School (Canada)
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Metro do Porto: An Interest Rate Swap
S. Veena Iyer; Anshul JainCase IVEY-9B16N011-EFinance, StrategyIn January 2007, Metro do Porto, a light rail network, entered into an interest rate swap agreement with Banco Santander Totta on a notional principal of €89 million. The intent was to reduce the interest costs that Metro do Porto was incurring. This was a complex swap agreement that brought immediate benefits to Metro do Porto but proved catastrophic in the long run. Two years after the swap commenced, a “snowball clause” in the swap agreement t...Starting at €8.20
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Larson Inc. in Nigeria
Paul W. Beamish; Isaiah A. LitvakCase IVEY-9B15M047-EStrategyIn 2015, the vice-president of international operations must decide whether to continue to operate or abandon the company's Nigerian joint venture. Although the expatriate general manager of the Nigerian operation has delivered a very pessimistic report, Larson's own hunch was to stay in that country. Maintaining the operation was complicated by problems in staffing, a joint venture partner with divergent views, and increasing costs of doing busi...Starting at €8.20